Inventions Timeline

1849  James Francis invents a water turbine now used in many of the world's hydropower plants   

1850  Henry Bessemer pioneers a new method of making steel in large quantities   

1850  Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization: a way of preserving food by heating it to kill off bacteria   

1850  Italian Giovanni Caselli develops a mechanical fax machine called the pantelegraph   

1860  Frenchman Étienne Lenoir and German Nikolaus Otto pioneer the internal combustion engine   

1860  james Clerk Maxwell figures out that radio waves must exist and sets out basic laws of electromagnetism.   

1860  Fire extinguishers are invented   

1861  Elisha Graves Otis invents the elevator with built-in safety brake   

1862  revolving machine gun was invented by Richard J. Gatling   

1862  mechanical submarine was invented by Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol   

1866  dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel   

1867  Joseph Monier invents reinforced concrete   

1868  christopher Latham Sholes invents the modern typewriter and QWERTY keyboard.   

1869  margarine is produced.   

1870  Stock ticker was invented by Thomas Alva Edison   

1870  thomas Edison develops the phonograph, the first practical method of recording and playing back sound on metal foil.   

1870  Lester Pelton invents a useful new kind of water turbine known as a Pelton wheel   

1875  Typewriter   

1876  Gasoline carburettor was invented by Daimler   

1876  alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone, though the true ownership of the invention remains controversial even today.   

1876  telephone patented   

1877  Phonograph was invented by Thomas Alva Edison   

1877  Microphone was invented by Emile Berliner   

1877  thomas Edison invents his sound-recording machine or phonograph—a forerunner of the record player and CD player.   

1877  edward Very invents the flare gun (Very pistol) for sending distress flares at sea.   

1878  cathode ray tube was invented by William Crookes   

1879  Mechanical pencil   

1880  photophone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell   

1880  Thomas Edison patents the modern incandescent electric lamp   

1880  pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie discover the piezoelectric effect.   

1880  Thomas Edison opens the world's first power plants   

1880  Charles Chamberland invents the autoclave (steam sterilizing machine)   

1880  charles and Julia Hall and Paul Heroult independently develop an affordable way of making aluminum.   

1880  Carrie Everson invents new ways of mining silver, gold, and copper   

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